Research library
Tissue Repair & RecoveryMaturing human RCT base
Copper Tripeptide-1
GHK-Cu, Copper binding tripeptide
A naturally occurring copper binding tripeptide first isolated from human plasma, investigated for collagen synthesis, tissue remodeling, and broad gene expression modulation.
Shop this peptide
4,000+
GHK
Topical RCTs
How GHK-Cu works
A naturally occurring copper binding tripeptide that signals fibroblasts to rebuild the skin's support matrix, the basis for its collagen and tissue remodeling research.
GHK-Cu
Copper delivery
Gene signaling
Skin remodeling
Research applications
Skin firmness & wrinkles
Topical anti aging
Wound healing
Reepithelialization
Collagen synthesis
Fibroblast signaling
Hair growth
Androgenetic alopecia
Bars indicate how far the evidence has progressed (in vitro to animal to human), not the size of any effect.
Molecular profile
Key studies
Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data
Pickart L, Margolina A
Synthesizes gene expression and experimental data on GHK-Cu's roles in tissue remodeling, antioxidant defense, and wound repair.
Evidence, safety & status
Claimed benefits & evidence
Topical use has the strongest cosmetic evidence base, multiple controlled studies show improved firmness/density and reduced wrinkle depth, with one trial reporting collagen increase in 70% of volunteers. Wound healing trials improved reepithelialization. Hair evidence is weaker and confounded (usually bundled with microneedling/minoxidil). Injectable evidence is much weaker. Delivery is the limiting factor: GHK-Cu penetrates intact skin poorly and clears fast (~1 to 2 h half life).
Safety & dangers
Topical GHK-Cu is well tolerated. Injectable use carries the generic angiogenesis in cancer theoretical concern plus gray market sourcing risk; excess copper matters in copper metabolism disorders.
Contraindications
Wilson's disease / copper overload states; active malignancy for injectable use.
Regulatory status
Widely sold OTC as a topical cosmetic ingredient (legal). Injectable GHK-Cu was Category 2 (2023), removed April 2026, slated for a later PCAC meeting (before end of Feb 2027). WADA: topical cosmetic use not prohibited.
Source: Fnx Performance Peptide Research Database, a synthesis of the scientific and regulatory literature, not medical advice. For medical questions, consult a qualified physician.
For research use only
For Research Use Only. Not for human or animal consumption. Products are sold strictly for in vitro laboratory research, not for compounding or therapeutic application.